Prediction of microvascular invasion and pathological differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma based on a deep learning model.

PURPOSE: To develop a deep learning (DL) model based on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images to predict microvascular invasion (MVI) and pathological differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: This retrospective study included 640 consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection and were pathologically diagnosed with HCC at two medical institutions from April 2017 to May 2022. CECT images and relevant clinical parameters were collected. All the data were divided into 368 training sets, 138 test sets and 134 validation sets. Through DL, a segmentation model was used to obtain a region of interest (ROI) of the liver, and a classification model was established to predict the pathological status of HCC. RESULTS: The liver segmentation model based on the 3D U-Network had a mean intersection over union (mIoU) score of 0.9120 and a Dice score of 0.9473. Among all the classification prediction models based on the Swin transformer, the fusion models combining image information and clinical parameters exhibited the best performance. The area under the curve (AUC) of the fusion model for predicting the MVI status was 0.941, its accuracy was 0.917, and its specificity was 0.908. The AUC values of the fusion model for predicting poorly differentiated, moderately differentiated and highly differentiated HCC based on the test set were 0.962, 0.957 and 0.996, respectively. CONCLUSION: The established DL models established can be used to noninvasively and effectively predict the MVI status and the degree of pathological differentiation of HCC, and aid in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

MODMS: a multi-omics database for facilitating biological studies on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a globally important forage crop. It also serves as a vegetable and medicinal herb because of its excellent nutritional quality and significant economic value. Multi-omics data on alfalfa continue to accumulate owing to recent advances in high-throughput techniques, and integrating this information holds great potential for expediting genetic research and facilitating advances in alfalfa agronomic traits. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive database named MODMS (multi-omics database of M. sativa) that incorporates multiple reference genomes, annotations, comparative genomics, transcriptomes, high-quality genomic variants, proteomics, and metabolomics. This report describes our continuously evolving database, which provides researchers with several convenient tools and extensive omics data resources, facilitating the expansion of alfalfa research. Further details regarding the MODMS database are available at https://modms.lzu.edu.cn/.

Cutaneous melanocytic tumor with CRTC1::TRIM11 fusion: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous Melanocytic Tumor with CRTC1::TRIM11 Fusion (CMTCT) represents a novel and rare entity in the realm of dermatological oncology, characterized by distinct melanocytic differentiation. This particular tumor type has yet to be officially recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). CMTCT is generally perceived as a tumor with a relatively indolent nature; however, it is not devoid of metastatic potential. Therefore, ensuring complete surgical excision of the tumor, coupled with rigorous long-term follow-up, is paramount for patient management. In this context, we report the case of an 18-year-old female patient who presented with a dull red nodule on her left leg. Initial surgical intervention led to a pathological diagnosis of CMTCT, but it was determined that the tumor had not been fully excised. Consequently, a second surgical procedure was undertaken to achieve complete removal of the tumor. During a follow-up period of six months post-surgery, the patient showed no signs of local recurrence or metastasis, indicating a successful outcome. CASE PRESENTATION: An 18-year-old female patient noticed a dull red nodule on her left leg three years ago, which exhibited slow growth over time. She underwent a subcutaneous tumor resection. Histological examination under high-power magnification revealed that the neoplasm consisted of epithelioid cells arranged in nests, fascicles, bundles, or sheets. The tumor cells had round or ovoid nuclei with prominent nucleoli and visible mitotic figures. Notably, areas resembling nevus cell clusters were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed melanocytic differentiation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified a CRTC1::TRIM11 fusion, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for CRTC1 confirmed rearrangement. Consequently, a diagnosis of cutaneous melanocytic tumor with CRTC1::TRIM11 fusion was established. CONCLUSIONS: CMTCT is a rare tumor characterized by melanocytic differentiation. In this case, the tumor predominantly comprised epithelioid cells with localized nevus cell clusters. The expression of melanocyte markers could easily lead to a misdiagnosis as cutaneous melanoma. However, several distinguishing features were noted: the tumor was not connected to the epidermis, exhibited low cellular heterogeneity and proliferation index, and showed minimal cellular atypia. Additionally, tests for EWSR1 rearrangement (FISH) and BRAF V600E mutation (PCR-ARMS) were negative.This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach when clinical, microscopic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings do not align. The presence of nevus cell clusters morphology in the tumor cells enhances our understanding of this disease's histological spectrum and aids in avoiding misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.

Strictosamide ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury by targeting ERK2 and mediating NF-κB signaling pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Acute lung injury (ALI) ranks among the deadliest pulmonary diseases, significantly impacting mortality and morbidity. Presently, the primary treatment for ALI involves supportive therapy; however, its efficacy remains unsatisfactory. Strictosamide (STR), an indole alkaloid found in the Chinese herbal medicine Nauclea officinalis (Pierre ex Pit.) Merr. & Chun (Wutan), has been found to exhibit numerous pharmacological properties, particularly anti-inflammatory effects. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimes to systematically identify and validate the specific binding proteins targeted by STR and elucidate its anti-inflammatory mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biotin chemical modification, protein microarray analysis and network pharmacology were conducted to screen for potential STR-binding proteins. The binding affinity was assessed through surface plasmon resonance (SPR), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and molecular docking, and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of STR in ALI treatment was assessed through in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS: Biotin chemical modification, protein microarray and network pharmacology identified extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) as the most important binding proteins among 276 candidate STR-interacting proteins and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway was one of the main inflammatory signal transduction pathways. Using SPR, CETSA, and molecular docking, we confirmed STR's affinity for ERK2. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that STR mitigated inflammation by targeting ERK2 to modulate the NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-induced ALI. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that STR can inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway to attenuate LPS-induced inflammation by targeting ERK2 and decreasing phosphorylation of ERK2, which could be a novel strategy for treating ALI.

Bioinformatics-led discovery of liver-specific genes and macrophage infiltration in acute liver injury.

Background: Acute liver injury (ALI) is an important global health concern, primarily caused by widespread hepatocyte cell death, coupled with a complex immune response and a lack of effective remedies. This study explores the underlying mechanisms, immune infiltration patterns, and potential targets for intervention and treatment ALI. Methods: The datasets of acetaminophen (APAP), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI were obtained from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were individually identified using the limma packages. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using KEGG, GO, and GSEA methods. The overlapping genes were extracted from the three datasets, and hub genes were identified using MCODE and CytoHubba algorithms. Additionally, PPI networks were constructed based on the String database. Immune cell infiltration analysis was conducted using ImmuCellAI, and the correlation between hub genes and immune cells was determined using the Spearman method. The relationship between hub genes, immune cells, and biochemical indicators of liver function (ALT, AST) was validated using APAP and triptolide (TP) -induced ALI mouse models. Results: Functional enrichment analysis indicated that all three ALI models were enriched in pathways linked to fatty acid metabolism, drug metabolism, inflammatory response, and immune regulation. Immune analysis revealed a significant rise in macrophage infiltration. A total of 79 overlapping genes were obtained, and 10 hub genes were identified that were consistent with the results of the biological information analysis after screening and validation. Among them, Clec4n, Ms4a6d, and Lilrb4 exhibited strong associations with macrophage infiltration and ALI.

Clinicopathologic and mutational profiles of primary breast diffuse large B cell lymphoma in a male patient: case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is rare, and most cases occur in female patients, with few reported cases in male patients. The clinical presentation is similar to that of breast cancer, but the condition needs to be well understood, as treatment options and clinical course vary. Hence, we provide a relatively rare case of primary breast diffuse large B cell lymphoma (PB-DLBCL) in a male, including its complete clinicopathological features, radiological findings, genomic mutational profiles, and clinical course. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old male presented with a lump in his right breast for 1 week and was pathologically diagnosed with breast malignancy after a breast puncture biopsy at the local hospital. He came to our hospital for further treatment and underwent breast ultrasound and systemic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, followed by right mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Histomorphology showed diffuse hyperplasia of tumor cells with clear boundaries and surrounding normal breast ducts. The adhesion of tumor cells was poor with obvious atypia. Immunohistochemical results showed that the tumor cells were positive for CD20, Bcl6, and MUM-1 but negative for CK (AE1/AE3), ER, PR, CD3, and CD10. Forty percent of the tumor cells were positive for c-Myc, and 80% of tumor cells were positive for Bcl2. The Ki-67 proliferation index was up to 80%. The tumor cells were negative for MYC and BCL2 rearrangements but positive for BCL6 rearrangement by fluorescent in situ hybridization. No abnormality was found in the pathological examination of bone marrow aspiration. Therefore, the male was diagnosed with PB-DLBCL, nongerminal center (non-GCB) phenotype, dual-expression type. The sample were sequenced by a target panel of 121 genes related to lymphoma. Next-generation sequencing revealed six tumor-specific mutated genes (IGH/BCL6, TNFAIP3, PRDM1, CREBBP, DTX1, and FOXO1). The patient was given six cycles of orelabrutinib plus R-CHOP chemotherapy and two cycles of intrathecal injection of cytarabine. The last follow-up was on April 13, 2023 (17 months). No recurrence or metastasis was found in laboratory and imaging examinations. CONCLUSION: We reported a relatively rare PB-DLBCL in a male, non-GBC phenotype, dual-expression type. It is worth mentioning that this case had IgH/BCL6 fusion, nonsense mutations in TNFAIP3, frameshift mutations in PRDM1, and missense mutations in CREBBP, DTX1, and FOXO1. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first report of genomic mutational profiles of PB-DLBCL in males.

Insights into DNMT1 and programmed cell death in diseases.

DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) is the predominant member of the DNMT family and the most abundant DNMT in various cell types. It functions as a maintenance DNMT and is involved in various diseases, including cancer and nervous system diseases. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental mechanism that regulates cell proliferation and maintains the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. DNMT1 plays a regulatory role in various types of PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and others. DNMT1 is closely associated with the development of various diseases by regulating key genes and pathways involved in PCD, including caspase 3/7 activities in apoptosis, Beclin 1, LC3, and some autophagy-related proteins in autophagy, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in ferroptosis, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1-receptor-interacting protein kinase 3-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL) in necroptosis. Our study summarizes the regulatory relationship between DNMT1 and different types of PCD in various diseases and discusses the potential of DNMT1 as a common regulatory hub in multiple types of PCD, offering a perspective for therapeutic approaches in disease.

Pterygium combined with corneal perforation: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease. Pterygium combined with corneal perforation is rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-year-old female patient visited our outpatient clinic due to sudden onset of blurred vision and increased tearing in her left eye. The visual acuity was 1.0 OD and intraocular pressure (IOP) of 19.5 mmHg for the right eye with no significant abnormalities found in the anterior and posterior segments. The visual acuity of her left eye was 0.06, and IOP was 6.2 mmHg. A triangular vascular membranous tissue was seen in her left eye below the nose growing into the cornea and the pupil area was not touched. Slit-lamp examination revealed a tiny round corneal perforation in 8 o'clock position of the lesion area. Hospital diagnosis was given as pterygium combined with corneal perforation. The patient was treated with levofloxacin eye drops and autologous serum-based eye drops. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of pterygium combined with corneal perforation. Perforation is a very rare complication of pterygium. This patient received proper treatment and good result was seen. This article aimed to improve clinicians' understanding of pterygium.

Deep learning-assisted LI-RADS grading and distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from non-HCC based on multiphase CT: a two-center study.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a deep learning (DL) method that can determine the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) grading of high-risk liver lesions and distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from non-HCC based on multiphase CT. METHODS: This retrospective study included 1049 patients with 1082 lesions from two independent hospitals that were pathologically confirmed as HCC or non-HCC. All patients underwent a four-phase CT imaging protocol. All lesions were graded (LR 4/5/M) by radiologists and divided into an internal (n = 886) and external cohort (n = 196) based on the examination date. In the internal cohort, Swin-Transformer based on different CT protocols were trained and tested for their ability to LI-RADS grading and distinguish HCC from non-HCC, and then validated in the external cohort. We further developed a combined model with the optimal protocol and clinical information for distinguishing HCC from non-HCC. RESULTS: In the test and external validation cohorts, the three-phase protocol without pre-contrast showed κ values of 0.6094 and 0.4845 for LI-RADS grading, and its accuracy was 0.8371 and 0.8061, while the accuracy of the radiologist was 0.8596 and 0.8622, respectively. The AUCs in distinguishing HCC from non-HCC were 0.865 and 0.715 in the test and external validation cohorts, while those of the combined model were 0.887 and 0.808. CONCLUSION: The Swin-Transformer based on three-phase CT protocol without pre-contrast could feasibly simplify LI-RADS grading and distinguish HCC from non-HCC. Furthermore, the DL model have the potential in accurately distinguishing HCC from non-HCC using imaging and highly characteristic clinical data as inputs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The application of deep learning model for multiphase CT has proven to improve the clinical applicability of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System and provide support to optimize the management of patients with liver diseases. KEY POINTS: • Deep learning (DL) simplifies LI-RADS grading and helps distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from non-HCC. • The Swin-Transformer based on the three-phase CT protocol without pre-contrast outperformed other CT protocols. • The Swin-Transformer provide help in distinguishing HCC from non-HCC by using CT and characteristic clinical information as inputs.

A natural gene drive system confers reproductive isolation in rice.

Hybrid sterility restricts the utilization of superior heterosis of indica-japonica inter-subspecific hybrids. In this study, we report the identification of RHS12, a major locus controlling male gamete sterility in indica-japonica hybrid rice. We show that RHS12 consists of two genes (iORF3/DUYAO and iORF4/JIEYAO) that confer preferential transmission of the RHS12-i type male gamete into the progeny, thereby forming a natural gene drive. DUYAO encodes a mitochondrion-targeted protein that interacts with OsCOX11 to trigger cytotoxicity and cell death, whereas JIEYAO encodes a protein that reroutes DUYAO to the autophagosome for degradation via direct physical interaction, thereby detoxifying DUYAO. Evolutionary trajectory analysis reveals that this system likely formed de novo in the AA genome Oryza clade and contributed to reproductive isolation (RI) between different lineages of rice. Our combined results provide mechanistic insights into the genetic basis of RI as well as insights for strategic designs of hybrid rice breeding.

Effect of ABC Theory Model on Negative Emotion of Young Patients with Breast Cancer During Treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of emotional ABC theory on anxiety and depression in young patients with breast cancer. Methods: A total of 200 eligible young patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into control group (N = 100) and experimental group (N = 100). The control group received routine treatment, while the experimental group received emotional ABC theory intervention at the same time. Results: The Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores of the two groups were observed before and after nursing. There was no significant difference between the two groups before nursing (P > 0.05), but there was significant difference between the two groups after nursing, the control group was significantly higher than the experimental group (P < 0.05). The satisfaction degree of the control group was significantly lower than that of the experimental group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Young patients with breast cancer using emotional ABC theory can effectively improve negative emotions, clinical can promote the nursing program.

Lipid metabolism and rheumatoid arthritis.

As a chronic progressive autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by mainly damaging the synovium of peripheral joints and causing joint destruction and early disability. RA is also associated with a high incidence rate and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Recently, the relationship between lipid metabolism and RA has gradually attracted attention. Plasma lipid changes in RA patients are often detected in clinical tests, the systemic inflammatory status and drug treatment of RA patients can interact with the metabolic level of the body. With the development of lipid metabolomics, the changes of lipid small molecules and potential metabolic pathways have been gradually discovered, which makes the lipid metabolism of RA patients or the systemic changes of lipid metabolism after treatment more and more comprehensive. This article reviews the lipid level of RA patients, as well as the relationship between inflammation, joint destruction, cardiovascular disease, and lipid level. In addition, this review describes the effect of anti-rheumatic drugs or dietary intervention on the lipid profile of RA patients to better understand RA.

The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology.

We investigated the influence of DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo transfer (ET), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We analyzed the semen parameters of 61 cycles in infertile couples undergoing IVF-ET and ICSI and determined DFI by sperm chromatin dispersion testing. Based on DFI, the patients were differentiated into a control group (DFI < 25%, n = 35) and a test group (DFI ≥ 25%, n = 26). Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the extent of sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. We also investigated the effect of DFI on pregnancy outcomes of IVF-ET/ICSI. DFI was negatively related to sperm motility and positively correlated with ROS and apoptosis (P < 0.05). Abnormally elevated DFI reduced the rate of transplantable, high-quality embryos, implantation, clinical pregnancy, delivery, and live birth after IVF-ET, and increased the chance of early abortion per transfer cycle (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between DFI and fertilization rate, cleavage rate, transplantable rate, high-quality embryo rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, early abortion rate, delivery rate and live birth rate when assisted by ICSI (P > 0.05). Sperm DNA integrity is crucial for fertilization and the development of healthy offspring. ROS may increase the level of DFI by inducing apoptosis in sperm.

Rapid Detection of Potential Natural Food Preservatives and Identification of Artemisia Species via High-Sensitivity Photoionization Mass Spectrometry.

Natural food preservatives are being sought extensively as a safe alternative to chemical food preservatives. This study aimed to identify potential natural preservatives from herbs using single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOF-MS). Five Artemisia species and four other herbs were analyzed, and the random forest (RF) algorithm was used to simulate olfaction and distinguish the Artemisia species by identifying the characteristic peaks of volatile terpenoids (VTPs). Results showed that the terpenoid synthase (TPS) gene family was expanded in Artemisia species, potentially contributing to the increased production of VTPs, which have potential as natural preservatives and specifically identify these species. The limits of detections (LODs) for principle VTPs in Artemisia species were as low as 22-39 parts-per-trillion-by-volume (pptv) using SPI-TOF-MS. This study highlights the potential for headspace mass spectrometry to be used in the development of natural preservatives and the identification of plant species.

Intestinal Escherichia coli and related dysfunction as potential targets of Traditional Chinese Medicine for respiratory infectious diseases.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has saved countless lives and maintained human health over its long history, especially in respiratory infectious diseases. The relationship between the intestinal flora and the respiratory system has been a popular research topic in recent years. According to the theory of the "gut-lung axis" in modern medicine and the idea that "the lung stands in an interior-exterior relationship with the large intestine" in TCM, gut microbiota dysbiosis is a contributing factor to respiratory infectious diseases, and there is potential means for manipulation of the gut microbiota in the treatment of lung diseases. Emerging studies have indicated intestinal Escherichia coli (E. coli) overgrowth in multiple respiratory infectious diseases, which could exacerbate respiratory infectious diseases by disrupting immune homeostasis, the gut barrier and metabolic balance. TCM is an effective microecological regulator, that can regulate the intestinal flora including E. coli, and restore the balance of the immune system, gut barrier, and metabolism. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review discusses the changes and effects of intestinal E. coli in respiratory infection, as well as the role of TCM in the intestinal flora, E. coli and related immunity, the gut barrier and the metabolism, thereby suggesting the possibility of TCM therapy regulating intestinal E. coli and related immunity, the gut barrier and the metabolism to alleviate respiratory infectious diseases. We aimed to make a modest contribution to the research and development of new therapies for intestinal flora in respiratory infectious diseases and the full utilization of TCM resources. Relevant information about the therapeutic potential of TCM to regulate intestinal E. coli against diseases was collected from PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and so on. The Plants of the World Online (https://wcsp.science.kew.org) and the Plant List (www.theplantlist.org) databases were used to provide the scientific names and species of plants. RESULTS: Intestinal E. coli is a very important bacterium in respiratory infectious diseases that affects the respiratory system through immunity, the gut barrier and the metabolism. Many TCMs can inhibit the abundance of E. coli and regulate related immunity, the gut barrier and the metabolism to promote lung health. CONCLUSION: TCM targeting intestinal E. coli and related immune, gut barrier, and metabolic dysfunction could be a potential therapy to promote the treatment and prognosis of respiratory infectious diseases.

Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of mouse cochlear aging.

Progressive functional deterioration in the cochlea is associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL). However, the cellular and molecular basis underlying cochlear aging remains largely unknown. Here, we established a dynamic single-cell transcriptomic landscape of mouse cochlear aging, in which we characterized aging-associated transcriptomic changes in 27 different cochlear cell types across five different time points. Overall, our analysis pinpoints loss of proteostasis and elevated apoptosis as the hallmark features of cochlear aging, highlights unexpected age-related transcriptional fluctuations in intermediate cells localized in the stria vascularis (SV) and demonstrates that upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperon protein HSP90AA1 mitigates ER stress-induced damages associated with aging. Our work suggests that targeting unfolded protein response pathways may help alleviate aging-related SV atrophy and hence delay the progression of ARHL.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the response regulator gene family in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) reveals their multifarious roles in stress response.

As important components of the two-component regulatory system, response regulatory proteins (RRPs) play a crucial role in histidine phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction in response to environmental fluctuations. Accumulating evidence has revealed that RRPs play important roles in plant growth and stress response. However, the specific functions of RR genes (RRs) in cultivated alfalfa remain ambiguous. Therefore, in this study, we identified and characterized the RR family genes in the alfalfa genome using bioinformatics methods. Our analysis revealed 37 RRs in the alfalfa genome of Zhongmu No.1 that were unevenly distributed on the chromosomes. Cis-elements analysis revealed the involvement of RRs in responses to light, stress, and various plant hormones. Expression analysis of RRs in different tissues revealed their distinct tissue expression patterns. These findings provide preliminary insights into the roles of RRs in plant responses to abiotic stress, which can be used to improve the stress tolerance of autotetraploid-cultivated alfalfa plants via genetic engineering.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Chaishi Tuire Granules on influenza A treatment by mediating TRAF6/MAPK14 axis.

Objectives: Influenza is an infectious respiratory disease that can cause severe inflammatory reactions and threaten human life. Chaishi Tuire Granules (CSTRG), a Chinese patent medicine widely used clinically in the treatment of respiratory diseases in China, has a definite anti-inflammatory effect. However, the mechanism of CSTRG in the treatment of influenza is still unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of CSTRG on influenza A treatment and potential mechanisms. Methods: Influenza-associated mice pneumonia model was used to explore the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of CSTRG in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis methods such as network pharmacology and molecular docking were carried out to predict the main active components and potential anti-inflammatory targets of CSTRG. The anti-inflammatory activity of CSTRG was determined using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Results: In vivo results showed that CSTRG can reduce the viral load in the lung tissue of infected mice, reduce the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in lung tissue and serum, and regulate the host inflammatory response. Additionally, CSTRG treatment markedly improves the sick signs, weight loss, lung index, and lung pathological changes. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that six active compounds of CSTRG including quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, beta-sitosterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol could contribute to the anti-influenza activity through regulating the TRAF6/MAPK14 axis. The following research confirmed that CSTRG significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) by suppressing the expression of TRAF6 and MAPK14 in LPS-stimulated macrophages RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: CSTRG might inhibit the inflammatory response by mediating the TRAF6/MAPK14 axis. In the future, in-depth research is still needed to verify the mechanism of CSTRG in the treatment of influenza.